用英语简单介绍做寿司的过程,first,...next..,afterthat....

用英语简单介绍做寿司的过程,first,...next..,afterthat....需要中英对照

Chinese New Year or Spring Festival is the most important of the traditional Chinese holidays. It is sometimes called the "Lunar New Year" by English speakers. The festival traditionally begins on the first day of the first month (Chinese: 正月; pinyin: zhēng yuè) in the Chinese calendar and ends on the 15th; this day is called Lantern Festival. Chinese New Year's Eve is known as chú xī. It literally means "Year-pass Eve".
Chinese New Year is the longest and most important festivity in the Lunar Calendar. The origin of Chinese New Year is itself centuries old and gains significance because of several myths and traditions. Ancient Chinese New Year is a reflection on how the people behaved and what they believed in the most.
Celebrated in areas with large populations of ethnic Chinese, Chinese New Year is considered a major holiday for the Chinese and has had influence on the new year celebrations of its geographic neighbors, as well as cultures with whom the Chinese have had extensive interaction. These include Koreans (Seollal), Tibetans and Bhutanese (Losar), Mongolians (Tsagaan Sar), Vietnamese (Tết), and formerly the Japanese before 1873 (Oshogatsu). Outside of Mainland China, Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan, Chinese New Year is also celebrated in countries with significant Han Chinese populations, such as Singapore, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, the Philippines, and Thailand. In countries such as Australia, Canada and the United States, although Chinese New Year is not an official holiday, many ethnic Chinese hold large celebrations and Australia Post, Canada Post, and the US Postal Service issues New Year's themed stamps.
Within China, regional customs and traditions concerning the celebration of the Chinese new year vary widely. People will pour out their money to buy presents, decoration, material, food, and clothing. It is also the tradition that every family thoroughly cleans the house to sweep away any ill-fortune in hopes to make way for good incoming luck. Windows and doors will be decorated with red colour paper-cuts and couplets with popular themes of “happiness”, “wealth”, and “longevity”. On the Eve of Chinese New Year, supper is a feast with families. Food will include such items as pigs, ducks, chicken and sweet delicacies. The family will end the night with firecrackers. Early the next morning, children will greet their parents by wishing them a healthy and happy new year, and receive money in red paper envelopes. The Chinese New Year tradition is a great way to reconcile forgetting all grudges, and sincerely wish peace and happiness for everyone.
Although the Chinese calendar traditionally does not use continuously numbered years, outside China its years are often numbered from the reign of Huangdi. But at least three different years numbered 1 are now used by various scholars, making the year 2009 "Chinese Year" 4707, 4706, or 4646.
春节习俗英语作文- 用英语介绍春节习俗：春节正月习俗的英文介绍
The Chinese New Year celebrations are marked by visits to kin, relatives and friends, a practice known as "new-year visits" (Chinese: 拜年; pinyin: bài nián). New clothes are usually worn to signify a new year. The colour red is liberally used in all decorations. Red packets are given to juniors and children by the married and elders. See Symbolism below for more explanation.
春节习俗英语作文- 用英语介绍春节习俗：Preceding days 春节前
This article does not cite any references or sources.
Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (January 2010)
On the days before the New Year celebration Chinese families give their home a thorough cleaning. There is a Cantonese saying "Wash away the dirt on ninyabaat" (年廿八，洗邋遢), but the practice is not usually restricted on nin'ya'baat (年廿八, the 28th day of month 12). It is believed the cleaning sweeps away the bad luck of the preceding year and makes their homes ready for good luck. Brooms and dust pans are put away on the first day so that luck cannot be swept away. Some people give their homes, doors and window-frames a new coat of red paint. homes are often decorated with paper cutouts of Chinese auspicious phrases and couplets. Purchasing new clothing, shoes, and receiving a hair-cut also symbolize a fresh start.
In many households where Buddhism or Taoism is prevalent, home altars and statues are cleaned thoroughly, and altars that were adorned with decorations from the previous year are also taken down and burned a week before the new year starts, and replaced with new decorations. Taoists (and Buddhists to a lesser extent) will also "send gods" (送神), an example would be burning a paper effigy of Zao Jun the Kitchen God, the recorder of family functions. This is done so that the Kitchen God can report to the Jade Emperor of the family household's transgressions and good deeds. Families often offer sweet foods (such as candy) in order to "bribe" the deities into reporting good things about the family.
The biggest event of any Chinese New Year's Eve is the dinner every family will have. A dish consisting of fish will appear on the tables of Chinese families. It is for display for the New Year's Eve dinner. This meal is comparable to Christmas dinner in the West. In northern China, it is customary to make dumplings (jiaozi 饺子) after dinner and have it around midnight. Dumplings symbolize wealth because their shape is like a Chinese tael. By contrast, in the South, it is customary to make a new year cake (Niangao, 年糕) after dinner and send pieces of it as gifts to relatives and friends in the coming days of the new year. Niangao literally means increasingly prosperous year in year out. After the dinner, some families go to local temples, hours before the new year begins to pray for a prosperous new year by lighting the first incense of the year; however in modern practice, many households hold parties and even hold a countdown to the new lunar year. Beginning in the 1980s, the CCTV New Year's Gala was broadcast four hours before the start of the New Year.
春节习俗英语作文- 用英语介绍春节习俗：First day 初一
The first day is for the welcoming of the deities of the heavens and earth, officially beginning at midnight. Many people, especially Buddhists, abstain from meat consumption on the first day because it is believed that this will ensure longevity for them. Some consider lighting fires and using knives to be bad luck on New Year's Day, so all food to be consumed is cooked the day before. For Buddhists, the first day is also the birthday of Maitreya Bodhisattva (better known as the more familiar Budai Luohan), the Buddha-to-be. People also abstain from killing animals.
Most importantly, the first day of Chinese New Year is a time when families visit the oldest and most senior members of their extended family, usually their parents, grandparents or great-grandparents.
Some families may invite a lion dance troupe as a symbolic ritual to usher in the Lunar New Year as well as to evict bad spirits from the premises. Members of the family who are married also give red packets containing cash to junior members of the family, mostly children and teenagers.
While fireworks and firecrackers are traditionally very popular, some regions have banned them due to concerns over fire hazards, which have resulted in increased number of fires around New Years and challenged municipal fire departments' work capacity. For this reason, various city governments (e.g., Hong Kong, and Beijing, for a number of years) issued bans over fireworks and firecrackers in certain premises of the city. As a substitute, large-scale fireworks have been launched by governments in cities like Hong Kong to offer citizens the experience.
春节习俗英语作文- 用英语介绍春节习俗：Second day 初二
The second day of the Chinese New Year is for married daughters to visit their birth parents. Traditionally, daughters who have been married may not have the opportunity to visit their birth families frequently.
On the second day, the Chinese pray to their ancestors as well as to all the gods. They are extra kind to dogs and feed them well as it is believed that the second day is the birthday of all dogs.
Business people of the Cantonese dialect group will hold a 'Hoi Nin' prayer to start their business on the 2nd day of Chinese New Year. The prayer is done to pray that they will be blessed with good luck and prosperity in their business for the year.
春节习俗英语作文- 用英语介绍春节习俗：Third and fourth days 初三
The third and fourth day of the Chinese New Year are generally accepted as inappropriate days to visit relatives and friends due to the following schools of thought. People may subscribe to one or both thoughts.
1) It is known as "chì kǒu" (赤口), meaning that it is easy to get into arguments. It is suggested that the cause could be the fried food and visiting during the first two days of the New Year celebration.[citation needed]
2) Families who had an immediate kin deceased in the past 3 years will not go house-visiting as a form of respect to the dead, but people may visit them on this day. Some people then conclude that it is inauspicious to do any house visiting at all. The third day of the New Year is allocated to grave-visiting instead.
春节习俗英语作文- 用英语介绍春节习俗：Fifth day 初五
In northern China, people eat jiǎo zi (simplified Chinese: 饺子; traditional Chinese: 饺子), or dumplings on the morning of Po Wu (破五). This is also the birthday of the Chinese god of wealth. In Taiwan, businesses traditionally re-open on this day, accompanied by firecrackers.
春节习俗英语作文- 用英语介绍春节习俗：Seventh day 初七
The seventh day, traditionally known as renri 人日, the common man's birthday, the day when everyone grows one year older. It is the day when tossed raw fish salad, yusheng, is eaten. This is a custom primarily among the overseas Chinese in Southeast Asia, such as Malaysia and Singapore. People get together to toss the colourful salad and make wishes for continued wealth and prosperity.
For many Chinese Buddhists, this is another day to avoid meat, the seventh day commemorating the birth of Sakra Devanam Indra.
春节习俗英语作文- 用英语介绍春节习俗：Eighth day 初八
Another family dinner to celebrate the eve of the birth of the Jade Emperor. However, everybody should be back to work by the 8th day. All of government agencies and business will stop celebrating by the eighth day.
春节习俗英语作文- 用英语介绍春节习俗：Ninth day 初九
The ninth day of the New Year is a day for Chinese to offer prayers to the Jade Emperor of Heaven (天宫) in the Taoist Pantheon. The ninth day is traditionally the birthday of the Jade Emperor. This day is especially important to Hokkiens. Come midnight of the eighth day of the new year, Hokkiens will offer thanks giving prayers to the Emperor of Heaven. Offerings will include sugarcane as it was the sugarcane that had protected the Hokkiens from certain extermination generations ago. Incense, tea, fruit, vegetarian food or roast pig, and paper gold is served as a customary protocol for paying respect to an honored person.

1、感谢信
假设你是李华，梁教授去年六月推荐你去悉尼大学深造，现在你已经被悉尼大学化学学院录取，请写封信向梁教授表示感谢。范文如下：
DearProfessor Liang,
I am writing to extend my gratitude to you because with your help I am now astudent of Chemistry Department of Sydney University.
Last June, when I applied to become a graduate student of Sydney University,you really gave me a lot of valuable help. You not only wrote a recommendation（推荐） forme to Professor Wells who works in the Sydney University but also gave mecareful and patient instructions on how to fill the application forms and writethe application letters.
It is your unreserved(无保留的） help that enables me to obtain this splendid（极好的）opportunityof further education. For the following two years I will study hard toreciprocate（回报） your sincere help and expectations with excellent grades.
Yours truly,
Zhang Ying
2、建议信
假定你是李华，你所喜爱的GlobalMirror周报创刊五周年之际征集读者意见．请你依据以下内容给主编写封信，内容主要包括： 1．说明你是该报的忠实读者
2．说明该报优点：1)兼顾国内外新闻 2)介绍名人成功故事
3．提出建议： 刊登指导英语学习的文章
范文
DearEditor-in-Chief,
Congratulationson the 5th anniversary of Global Mirror!I’ma regular reader of your newspaper. I like it so much that I hardly miss anycopy.
Thereare many advantages of Global Mirror. Firstly, Global Mirror covers bothnational and international news.
By simply turning the pages, I can know allimportant things that have happened both home and abroad. Besides, the successstories of world-famous people are also attractive to me, which help me learn alot from them. In a word, thanks to Global Mirror, we are well-informed andkeep up with the changing world.
As ayoung student, I wish that I can be a master of English language. Therefore, Isuggest that Global Mirror provide articles about English learning for us.
Finally,I hope that Global Mirror will become more and more popular. Thank you foryour time!
Sincerely yours,
Li Hua
3、求助信
假设你是李华，你的美国朋友Tom上个月来到北京学习。七月份你将去北京参加暑期中学生英语演讲比赛 (speech contest)，你在资料搜集、语言运用等方面遇到了困难。请根据以下要点给Tom写一封电子邮件：
1.询问Tom的生活和学习情况；
2.谈谈你的困难并请Tom帮忙；
3.告诉Tom你打算赛后去看他。
范文
DearTom，
Howis it going these days? I keep wondering how you feel about your school life inBeijing. Have you got used to the life in China? Are you enjoying your life? Ihope you are.
Letme tell you a piece of good news: I’m going to take part in an English speechcontest of middle school students in July in the coming summer vacation. So I’mbusy preparing for it. But now I have some difficulty in collecting usefulinformation and using proper English word to express my thoughts.
Besides, I really want to improve my spoken English, especially the pronunciationand intonation（语调）. Of course, as a native English speaker, you can give me somesuggestions.
Inaddition, I’m going to visit you after the contest. I’m sure we will have awonderful time together in Beijing! I can hardly wait to see you! I am lookingforward to your early reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
4、投诉信
你是李华，两周前你从网上一套书虫系列读物（Book worm Series）昨天才到货，且包装破损，数量不足。请就此向网店客服写邮件投诉。要点如下：
1. 介绍购物情况
2. 反映存在问题
3. 提出解决方案
范文
Towhom it may concern,
I amone of your customers(顾客). I ordered（订购）a set of(一套) Bookworm Series on your website two weeks ago, but I didn’treceive them until yesterday. And much to my disappointment, the books were sopoorly packed up that the cover of one book was torn. To make matters worse, itis not a complete set, as I found one book missing.
I amsorry to have received such poor service, and I believe I have every right toask you to deal with this problem. I hope that you either return my money or delivera new set of books to me. Besides, I’d like to be informed of the process ofyour dealing with my complaint.
Lookingforward to your reply.
Sincerely,
Li Hua
5、祝贺信
假如你是李华，你的好友魏芳在中学生英语演讲比赛中荣获一等奖。请你根据以下内容，给她写一封祝贺信。
范文
DearWei Fang,
Ihear that you have won first prize in the English Speech Contest of Middle SchoolStudents, so I’m writing to give my sincere congratulations.
Youdon’t know how excited I was when I heard the good news. As your best friend, Iam proud of you! Your pronunciation and fluent English left me with deepimpression. It came as no surprise to me that you won the contest. Could youshare with me how you improve your spoken English? Your experience will be ofgreat help to me in learning.
Iwill be grateful if you can write me back and give me your advice. I am lookingforward to your early reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
6、 求职信
假如你是李华，从报纸上看到中老年英语培训机构Mid．Senior ESCH面向高中毕业生招聘暑期兼职辅导员，负责学员课间服务事项。请根据下面的广告内容用英语写一份求职信。
ASSISITANTSWANTED
Valuablechances are open for high school graduates who are good at English．Their workis to tend the senior students during the break．
Requirementsattached：1．Good at English．2．Experienced priority．
Contactus by e-mail：English tec@163．com．
范文
DearDirector:
I’dlike to apply for the post of assistant which was advertised in the newspaper.I found this position quite appealing to me.
I’vejust graduated from high school. Luckily I am good at English and I can speakEnglish fluently. In addition, I have previous experience. During my stay inmiddle school, I used to be a volunteer and looked after the old people in anursing home on weekends.
Inshort, I believe my experience and fluent oral English will be a great help forme in doing the work. I’m available for interview at any time. It would beappreciated if I can get your offer.
Sincerely,
Li Hua

一，英语作文书信格式：

1，最上面顶格写你要把信写给谁。

2,第二段写你要对这个朋友要说的话。

3，写完后最后的一行写上你自己的名字。

二，范文：

Dear Mike,
I am glad to introduce my family to you. My family is a warm and happy family.There are 5 people in my family, my grandpa, my grandma, my father, my motherand I. My grandparents are both teachers, they are still teaching in a university.Grandpa is for maths, and Grandma is for English, sometimes their students cometo our home to send their greetings to them. My father is working in an American factory,he is very busy. Every evening he is doing his work in the midnight. At weekend he alwaysgoes to factory for his work. My mother is a nurse. Her hospital is near my home. I am a student in Junior high school. I hope you will introduce your family to me
yours

sincerely

Tom

拓展资料：英语写作文的注意事项：

避免使用汉语式英语。

避免使用汉语式英语。

时态、语态要准确无误。

主谓语要一致。主谓语要完整。

注意冠词用法、名词单复数、标点符号和大小写等。

注意语序 (感叹句,疑问句,宾语从句。

书写规范, 卷面整洁，以避免不必要的失分。

一，英语作文书信格式：

1，最上面顶格写你要把信写给谁。

2,第二段写你要对这个朋友要说的话。

3，写完后最后的一行写上你自己的名字。

二，范文：

Dear Mike,I am glad to introduce my family to you. My family is a warm and happy family.There are 5 people in my family, my grandpa, my grandma, my father, my motherand I. My grandparents are both teachers, they are still teaching in a university.Grandpa is for maths, and Grandma is for English, sometimes their students cometo our home to send their greetings to them. My father is working in an American factory,he is very busy. Every evening he is doing his work in the midnight. At weekend he alwaysgoes to factory for his work. My mother is a nurse. Her hospital is near my home. I am a student in Junior high school. I hope you will introduce your family to meyours

sincerely

Tom

拓展资料：英语写作文的注意事项：

避免使用汉语式英语。

避免使用汉语式英语。

时态、语态要准确无误。

主谓语要一致。主谓语要完整。

注意冠词用法、名词单复数、标点符号和大小写等。

注意语序 (感叹句,疑问句,宾语从句。

书写规范, 卷面整洁，以避免不必要的失分。

英语时态总结
时态（Tense）是表示行为、动作和状态在各种时间条件下的动词形式。因此，当我们说时态结构的时候，指的是相应时态下的动词形式。
英语时态分为16种：一般现在、一般过去、一般将来、过去将来时，以及这四者的进行时、完成时和完成进行时。在这里，我们重点讲解一下最常见的11种时态的用法和注意事项。
1. 一般现在时：小学就开始学这个，大家都会吧，有几点强调一下我们就走。
A) 表示现在发生的动作、情况、状态和特征。If it is not too much trouble, I would like a cup of tea.
B) 习惯用语:这个要在平时自己积累，因为习语太多，我不做过多解释。
Ie: Believe it or not, his discovery had created a stir in scientific circles.
口语中常说believe it or not，意思是：“信不信由你”，“我说的是真的”。believe it or not是一个固定说法，相当一个插入语，短语中的believe没有词形变化。这点要注意，以后会教你们动名词的用法，到时候会牵涉到主语的问题。
C) 经常性、习惯性动作。
Ie：He always helps others. （他总是帮助别人。）
D) 客观事实和普遍真理。尤其要注意，如果前后文不是一般现在时，则无法保持主句、从句时态一致.ex: He said that the sun rises in the east.这个句子要注意，到了以后的定语从句经常会有这样的问题，具体细节到 时候在说，不过你们要先有这样的概念：客观事实无论谓语的时态是什么都用一般现在时。
E) 表示一个按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作，（仅限于某些表示“来、去、动、停、开始、结束、继续”等的动词 ）可以与表示未来时间的状语搭配使用。常见的用法是：飞机、火车、轮船、汽车等定期定点运行的交通方式。
ex: When does the plan leave?这个句子注意一下，就是这么用的，有人会注意到这样的问题: The plane leaves at 3 o’clock this afternoon.为什么不用将来时，对了，很奇怪，但就是这么用的。
F) 在时间和条件状语从句里经常用一般现在（有时也用现在完成时）表示将来事情。
Ie: When you finish the report, I will have waited for 3 hours.（完成时，往下看会出现）
2. 现在进行时(be doing) 的用法：上了初一就教这个吧，比一般现在还简单。表示现在正在做的动作，但要注意有的动词不能用于进行时，这类词称为短暂性动词，如，open, borrow等等，在完成时态常常会碰到，平时要注意积累。
3. 现在完成时(have done)：重要考点，初二以后几乎都是完成时态。
A) 表示动作到现在为止已经完成或刚刚完成。
ex: I have just finished my homework.
B) 表示从过去某时刻开始，持续到现在的动作或情况，并且有可能会继续延续下去。此时经常用延续性动词。时间状语常用since加一个过去的时间点，或for加一段时间，或by加一个现在时间。这里联系进行时，他们都一样，不能用短暂性动词，★★★☆☆考点。
C) 表示发生在过去，但对现在仍有影响的动作或情况。通常用点动词，如：arrive, begin, find, give, lose等。
例：John has broken his left leg.（约翰摔断了左腿。）
注意：
A) 现在完成时是联系过去和现在的纽带。现在完成时和过去时的区别在于：现在完成时强调动作的动态，或受动态的影响，是动态的结果，对现在有影响；过去时只表示过去的某个具体时间里发生的动作，与现在没有联系。
例：He worked in that hospital for 8 years.（他曾经在那家医院工作了8年。这只是讲述一个过去的事实，他现在已经不在那家医院了。）
He has worked in that hospital for 8 years.（他已经在那家医院里工作了8年。表示他从过去开始工作，一直工作到现在，现在仍在那家医院工作。）
B) 因为含有for加一段时间或since加一个时间点这样的时间状语的完成时，有动态和延续性的特点，所以不能使用终端动词或瞬间动词。
例：My sister has been married for 5 years.（过去分词做表语表示状态，可以延续）
My sister has married. Don't disturb her.（终端动词）
C) 在"this is the first/ second/ third…… time that……"句型里要求用完成时。
例： This is the second time that the products of our company have been shown in the International Exhibition. （这是我公司产品第二次参加国际展览会。）
D) 句型"It is/ has been……since"所使用的两种时态都正确。
例：It is/ has been 10 years since I last saw him.（从我上次见到他以来已经10年了。）
E) 在"no sooner than"、"hardly/ scarcely ……when"、"before"、"prior to"等句型中，主句要求完成时。
例：I haven't met that professor prior to today.（以前我从未见过那位教授。）
4. 现在完成进行时(have been doing)：和现在进行时很像
1) 用法：表示某一动作开始于过去某一时间，延续或重复地出现至今，或将继续延续至将来。
例：We have been working on this project for over a month now.（到目前为止，我们一直在处理那个项目，已经花了一个多月时间了。）
2) 注意事项：与现在完成时相比，现在完成进行时更强调：在从过去到现在的时间里，动作或状态一直持续或一直反复出现。
5. 一般过去时
A) 表示过去某个时间发生的动作或情况。
ex:I went to Beijing last year.
B) 表示过去习惯性动作。特别是由would/ used to do表达的句型，本身表示的就是过去时。
ex: I used to live here.（注意used to 和be used to 的区别，used to表过去常常，be used to 表示习惯于，前者to是不定式符号，后者则是介词，后接名词、动名词、代词）
C) 有时可代替一般现在时，表达一种婉转、客气、礼貌、商量的语气。
ex: Would you mind my sitting here?（您介意我坐在这里吗？）
Could you pass me the pen?
注意：
A) 注意时间状语的搭配。一般过去时的时间状语应该是表示过去某个时间的词或词组，如：yesterday, last month, in 1999, two days ago等，绝对不可与recently, in the past 10 years, this month等连用，因为这样的时 间状语都与现在有关系，应该用现在完成时或一般现在时。注意，到了初二将会是★★★★☆考点，不会不行，逃不了的，几乎每次都考。
B) used to do的否定形式和疑问形式很特别：你怎么写都正确。以否定形式为例：used not to do, didn't used to do, didn't use to do都对。
6. 过去完成时(had done)
用法：表示在过去的某个时间或动作以前已经发生的动作或已经存在的状态。就是我们常说的：表示"过去的过去的动作或状态"。
画一条时间轴过去完成＿＿●＿一般过去＿◇＿一般现在＿＿＿○＿＿＿＿＿＿
2) 注意事项：“过去的过去”这种逻辑关系常通过上下文体现出来，而不一定受某个时间状语的限制。
ex: There had been some one in our room just now, because I noticed a burning cigarette end on the floor when we opened the front door.
7. 过去将来时(would/ should do) 表示从过去的某个时间看将要发生的事。其实和将来时没什么区别啦。
ex: I said on Thursday I should see my friend the next day.宾从、直引经常碰到这样的例子，注意。
8. 过去进行时(was/ were doing)
A) 表示在过去一个比较具体的时间正在发生的动作。
ex: I was doing my homework at this time yesterday.
B) 如果when, while这样的时间状语引导词所引导的主从句之一是一般过去时，则另一个句子常用过去进行时。
ex: I was washing my hair when you knocked at the front door.
9. 一般将来时
A) 基本结构是will / shall do。古英语认为will用于第二、三人称，shall用于第一人称，但后来没做硬性规定，will比较常用。I will be home at 10.
B) 有些动词，如：arrive, be close, come, do, done, go, have, leave, open, play, return, sleep, start, stay等，用于一般进行时，并且通常与一个表示将来时间的时间状语连用，可以表示将来时。初一接触比较 多的是be going to，后面的包括will/shall到了后来才出现，其他如sleep很少见，初中阶段我几乎没见过sleep这么用的， leave, come, arrive也常见
ex: My mother is coming to visit me next week and is staying here until May.
C) 表示“即将、正要”时，可用be about to do。强调近期内或马上要做的事，后常与when连用。ex: I was about to speak when you interrupted me.
D）"be to do"的5种用法：
a) 表示“按计划、安排即将发生某事或打算做某事”。
例：She is to be seen in the lab on Monday.（星期一你准会在实验室见到她。）
b) 该做或不该做的事情（语气上接近于should, must, ought to, have to），表示一种命令、规劝性语气。
例：You are to go to bed and keep quiet, kids. Our guests are arriving in less than 5 minutes.（孩子们，你们必须 上床睡觉，不准吵闹。我们的客人5分钟之内就要到了。）
c) 能或不能发生的事情（接近can, may）
例：How am I to pay such a debt?（我怎么可能还得起这么大的一笔债呢？）
d) 不可避免将要发生的事情，后来将要发生的事情。
例：I assure you that the matter _______ as quickly as possible. Have a little patience.
A. will be attended B. will be attended to
C. is attended D. is attended to
will be attended to关键的一点是：attend表示“处理，解决”时是不及物动词，必须与to连用。另外，从上下文看，事情显然尚未解决，所以应该用将来时的被动语态。答案是B。
A) is to be B) can be C) will be D) has been
答案是A) is to be。全句的意思是：“如果要避免食品短缺，就必须作出更大努力来增加农业产量。”
E) 同样可以表示“正要、将要”的意思的句型是be on the point of doing。 The coach is on the point of giving up the game because our team has been scored 7 points.
注意：
在 以if, when, as long as, as soon as, after, before, in case, until, unless 等连词以及具有连词作用的副词（immediately, the moment, directly）等引导的状语从句，一般用现在时代替将来时。强调 延续性或动态时，可用完成时。
例：I hope his health will have improved by the time you come back next year.（我希望到明年你回来的时候，他的身体已经好多了。）
10. 将来进行时(will be doing) 调在将来的某个具体时间正在发生的动作或事情。
ex: Don't worry, you won't miss her. She will be wearing a red T-shirt and a white skirt at that time.
11. 将来完成时(will have done) 表示从将来的某一时间开始、延续到另一个将来时间的动作或状态，或是发生在某个将来时间，但对其后的另一个 将来时间有影响的动作或状态。就好象把现在完成时平移到时间轴的将来时时段一样。其用法从和过去及现在有关，变成了和将来及将来的将来有关。
ex: It is reported that by the end of this century the people of Chinese will have increased by 2 billion.

英语语法：英语各种时态介绍
时态（Tense）是表示行为、动作和状态在各种时间条件下的动词形式。因此，当我们说时态结构的时候，指的是相应时态下的动词形式。
英语时态分为16种：一般现在、一般过去、一般将来、过去将来时，以及这四者的进行时、完成时和完成进行时。
1.一般现在时
2.一般过去时
3.一般将来时
4.一般过去将来时
5.现在进行时
6.过去进行时
7.将来进行时
8.过去将来进行时
9.现在完成时
10.过去完成时 啊
11.将来完成时
12.过去将来完成时
13.现在完成进行时
14.过去完成进行时
15.将来完成进行时
16.过去将来完成进行时
1. 表示如今发作的举措或具有的形态要用复杂如今式。
Ha, there is an apple on the table.
哈，桌子上有一个苹果。
2. 表示将要发作的举措或呈现的形态要用复杂将来式。
I will eat an apple.
我将要吃一个苹果。
3. 表示此刻或现阶段正在中止的举措要用如今中止式。
I am eating an apple.
我正在吃一个苹果。
4. 表示到如今为止已完成的举措用如今完成式。
I have eaten an apple.
我已经吃了一个苹果。
5. 表示过来发作的举措或具有的形态用复杂过来式。
I ate an apple just now.
我刚吃过一个苹果。
6. 表示过来某一时辰或某一阶段正在中止的举措用过来中止式。
I was eating an apple at 8 this morning.
今天早上八点我正在吃苹果。
7. 表示过来某一工夫或某一举措之前已经完成的举措或具有的形态用过来完成式，常用于讲故事。
I had eaten the apple when I went out to play.
出去玩之前我已经吃了苹果。
8. 表示举措从过来某时开端不断持续到如今并仍在持续用如今完成中止式。
Mum, I have been waiting for another apple for about 2 hours.
妈妈，我已经等着吃另一个苹果有两个小时了。
9. 表示在将来某一时辰或某一阶段正在中止的举措用将来中止式。
I will be eating the second apple at 1:55 this afternoon.
今天下午1:55的时分我将正在吃第二个苹果。
10. 表示在将来某时辰或某个举措之前已完成的举措用将来完成式。
By 2 o'clock this afternoon, I will have eaten two apples. Ha!
今天下午两点之前，我将吃完两个苹果。哈！
11. 过来中止式表示过来正在中止的举措，复杂过来式表示过来发作或已完成的举措。
I was eating an apple yesterday morning.(差错)
I ate an apple yesterday morning.
我今天早上吃了个苹果。
I ate an apple when Mary came in.(差错)
I was eating an apple when Mary came in.
玛丽出去时我正在吃苹果。
在吃苹果是在过来玛丽出去时正中止的举措，使用过来中止式，不能用复杂过来式。
希望楼主能够采纳
对楼主有帮助

how to make sushi 怎样做寿司
First,you must know what need to make sushi.首先你必须知道你需要什么材料来做寿司.you need two vegetables such as cucumber or carrot,你需要两种蔬菜比如黄瓜或红萝卜.Sauce,rice and rice vinegar.酱,米饭和米醋.for best results,use only Japanese rice vinegar.为了制作出效果最好的寿司,最好选用日本米醋.and a thin sheet of seaweed.还有薄薄的紫菜片.you aslo need a bamboo Mat and sharp knifen你还需要一个小竹帘和一把锋利的刀.
Next,Rolling and Cutting the Sushi.下一步,卷和切寿司.Place seaweed down on the bamboo mat.把紫菜片放在竹帘里,grab the cooked rice and spread it onto the seaweed.把米饭分布在紫菜里.Line up your ingredients in the middle of the seaweed.把蔬菜横着放在紫菜中间.
After that.holding the closest edge of the bamboo mat,roll the sushi.抓着竹帘从最边上开始卷寿司.tighten the roll as you go.卷紧一些,move your full roll to a cutting board.把卷好的寿司转移到菜板.Slice it first down the middle.从中间开始切.from there you can cut it into sixths or eighths,whichever you prefer.你可以根据喜好切成六或八段

首先，思维与语言的关系犹如母与子的关系。先有人类思维后有语言、图画、音乐等外在表现形式。Language serves as dress of thought．Thoughts are always expressed by words
Without thinking，language would be meaningless
那么，思维又是如何作用在语言形式上的呢通过研究可知：思维---表现法---语言具体形式。
现在，我们就来简单分析一下中国人与西方人由历史渊源、地域特性及哲学与文化心理不同而导致的思维的根本差异。
中国自古以来就是传统的农业大国，即所谓“靠天吃饭”。农业、土地与民生息息相关，所以就形成了“天人合一”这一中国文化的精髓。即把人与自然视为和谐统一的整体，人类文化与天命自然统一。The Taoist notion Of following nature is closed related，as in other naturalistic movements，to the idea of fate．这种中国文化的最高境界使中国人习惯于崇尚自然、行于自然；不违天命、顺其自然的处世哲学和宿命论，即Let things remain as they are．而在人与天地万物协调共存的世界中，则存在着循环往复、生生不息的发展变化。美国人说这是moving in endless circles and repeating it over and over again。中国的儒家与道家哲学就深深体现了这种观点。如“道生一、一生二、二生三、三生万物，万物归于道”等，这就是汉民族的循回式思维方式，比如在语言表现法中有回环式： “人不犯我，我不犯人”，及递进式表达： “道高一尺，魔高一丈”。所以，中国人表达事物总是按时间和事理发展顺序由因到果、由先到后、由大到小进行阐述，这种思维模式可称为具体一般型表达(Particular-General Pattern)。习惯于问题解决型模式(Problem-solution Pattern)，它们不仅在语言上如此，在文化艺术、经济活动中也都占有统治地位。也就是说中国人擅长具象思维。
西方人恰恰相反，他们一向将人与自然分隔开来，认为思维是独立于自然之外的客观事物，讲究“人物分立”，人能够通过斗争征服自然、改造自然。从美国前总统里根(Ronald
Reagan)说过的一句话之中我们就可见一斑：
I do not believe in fate that falls on us no matter what we do，but，1 do believe in fate that will fall on us if we do nothing．(我不相信，无论我们做什么，我们的命运都一样；但是我相
信，如果我们什么都不做，我们的命运是一样的。)
也就是说，He wants us to believe in the struggle，not in the fate．诸多此类象美国人热衷于job-hopping(跳槽)，美国人的梦想便是being a self-made man from rags to riches。再比
如，从东方人与西方人做事的动因也可以发现：
The Chinese is always described as a person who does things because they have been done before．And the Americans a person who does things because they haven’t been done before．(中国人做一件事是因为这件事以前有人做过；美国人做一件事是因为这件事以前从未有人做过。)Americans love to try something new mostly because of a belief that newer maybe better．(美国人喜欢尝试新事物，很大程度上因为他们认为更
新的可能是更好的。)
通过研究可知，英语自莎士比亚时代以来有很大发展。英语被誉为理性语言，这与欧美哲学较早与改造、征服自然的科学技术相结合，特别是培根和洛克等一代启蒙哲学家恪守的客观形式化方法(即逻辑论证)很有关系。British people love science and technology because these fields of study bring the excitement of new discovery． (英国人热爱科学技术因为它能带来新发现，是改造自然、征服自然的最有力武器。) The love of change is closely tied to faith in improvement．培根思维精深周密；洛克的哲理明豁通达，对英语影响极深。“哲学思辩”(Speculative Philosophy)使他们将英语化为对人类经验(物理变化经验、感觉经验、价值经验)理性构建的精辟描述。从语言学角度来说，培根和洛克等一代理性主义哲学家实质上为英语作了科学规范，以至被称为： “King’s English'’。综上所述，我们不难理解：西方人的思维模式是一般具体型思维，擅长抽象思维，总是先概括后分解、先表态后叙述、先总结后事例、先整体后细节，由果到因、由小到大等。众所周知，地名的叙述便为一例。
由于中西思维模式的迥异，说话的语序就存在很大区别，所以中国式英语频繁出现。举例说明：
我原先打算七月一日去香港旅游，后来不得不取消，这使我很扫兴。
中国学生就常按中文语序脱口而出，使语义重心落在后面。实际上，按英语思维习惯应先概括，将语义重心放在前面，然后分解开来，所以应翻译成It was keen disappointment
that I had to cancel the visit l had intended to pay to Hong Kong On July 1St．
再看下面典型的例句：“在全球经济事务中，中国应继续保持一个积极而充满活力的力量，我坚信这是符合我国利益的。”
让我们看英语的语序：I strongly believe that it’s in the interests Of my countrymen that China should remain an active and energetic power in global economic matters．
由此可见，汉语是按时间顺序和逻辑发展关系由先到后、由因到果、由假设到推论、由事实到论证，而英语则相反。
简单句中英汉语序的对比：
中文：主语+时间状语+地点状语+方式状语+谓语+宾语
我每天早上在室外高声朗读英语
英文：主语+谓语+宾语+方式状语+地点状语+时间状语
I read English loudly in the open 一、引言
词是语句的基本单位，通常所说的话都是由一个个词构成（陆国强，1983年）。在某些人看来，学语言，如英语，就是把一个个的词、词组、短句学好，掌握其读音、拼写及意思，同时掌握一些基本语法，知道如何把一个个的词、词组及短语连接起来。掌握了这些，英语就学得差不多了。其实不然，如果我们只是把单词按字面意义串起来，而丝毫不懂有关文化背景知识，在实际运用中是行不通的。例如：
（1）英语中green with envy是什么意思？人们忌妒或羡慕时脸色真的变绿或发青吗？
（2）英语中说 Paul was in blue mood; Paul（保尔）是什么情绪？高兴、激动、悲哀，还是什么？
在上列两句中，green（绿）和 blue（兰）都不是指颜色，两个词都有别的意思--某种文化方面的联想--从字面上看这种意思不明显。在词典上，green 这个词有“（脸色）变绿”的意思，但green with envy是个固定词组，不过表示“十分妒忌”而已。blue这个词与mood之类的词连用表现某种情绪时，表示“沮丧的”、“忧郁的”，例2之意为“保尔情绪低落”。以上两个例子就涉及词的字面意义和联想内涵意义，这就是语言文化差异问题，在教学过程中发现许多学生在理解目的语（target language）时，遇到的障碍并非语言知识造成，而是由文化差异导致的。由此可见，在词汇教学中加强语言文化因素的对比显得尤为重要。
二、语言与文化
学语言的目的是为了交流。毫无疑问，词汇教学也要为这一目的服务。人类的交际不单是一种语言现象，也是一种跨文化现象。在教学中，要对两种交际文化进行对比，我们首先从文化谈起。
文化 culture一词是一个含义极其广泛的词语。它狭义指文学、音乐、美术等，而广义讲是一个社会学术语，按照社会学家和人类学家对“文化”所下的定义，我们所说的“文化”是指一个社会所具有的独特的信仰、习惯、制度、目标和技术的总模式。（邓炎昌，刘润清 1989年）
语言是文化的一部分，又是文化的载体和折射镜。透过一个民族的语言，可以窥见该民族绚丽多姿的文化形态。英语词汇作为英语中最活跃、最具生命力的组成部分，最能反映英美文化独特的魅力和内涵。学习英语词汇，实际上也是学习西方文化。对于在母语环境下学英语的中国人来说，应该了解在中西方不同文化背景影响下，英汉词语之间所存在的差异；从另一方面看，语言又受文化的影响，反映文化。可以说语言反映一个民族的特征，它不仅包含着该民族的历史和文化背景，而且蕴藏着该民族对人生的看法、生活方式和思维方式。
例如：
在汉语的文化氛围中，“东风”即是“春天的风”，夏天常与酷署炎热联系在一起，“赤日炎炎似火烧”、“骄阳似火”是常被用来描述夏天的词语。而英国地处西半球，北温带，海洋性气候，报告春天消息的却是西风，英国著名诗人雪莱的《西风颂》正是对春的讴歌。英国的夏季正是温馨宜人的季节，常与“可爱”、“温和”、“美好”相连。莎士比亚在他的一首十四行诗中把爱人比作夏天，Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day/Thou art more lovely and more temperate，学生能体会到莎翁的“爱”吗？
关于英汉习俗差异，最典型的莫过于在对狗这种动物的态度上。狗在汉语中是一种卑微的动物。汉语中与狗有关的习语大都含有贬意：“狐朋狗党”、“狗急跳墙”、“狼心狗肺”、“狗腿子”等，尽管近些年来养庞物狗的人数大大增加，狗的“地位”似乎有所改变，但狗的贬义形象却深深地留在汉语言文化中。而在西方英语国家，狗被认为是人类最忠诚的朋友。英语中有关狗的习语除了一部分因受其他语言的影响而含有贬义外，大部分都没有贬义。在英语习语中，常以狗的形象来比喻人的行为。如You are a lucky dog（你是一个幸运儿），Every dog has his day（凡人皆有得意日），Old dog will not learn new tricks（老人学不了新东西）等等。形容人“病得厉害”用as sick as a dog，“累极了”是dog-tired。与此相反，中国人十分喜爱猫，用“馋猫”比喻人贪嘴，常有亲呢的成份，而在西方文化中，“猫”被用来比喻“包藏祸心的女人”。
宗教信仰有关的习语也大量地出在在英汉语言中。佛教传入中国已有一千多年的历史，人们相信有“佛主”在左右着人世间的一切，与此有关的习语很多，如“借花献佛”、“闲时不烧香，临时抱佛脚”等。在西方许多国家，特别是在英美，人们信奉基督教，相关的习语如Good helps those who help themselves（上帝帮助自助的人），也有Go to hell（下地狱去）这样的诅咒。英汉两种语言中还有大量由历史典故形成的习语，这些习语结构简单，意义深远，往往是不能单从字面意义去理解和翻译的。如“东施效颦”、“名落孙山”、“叶公好龙”等等。英语典故习语多来自《圣经》和希腊罗马神话，如Achilles’ heel（唯一致命弱点）、meet one’s waterloo（一败涂地）、Penelope’s web（永远完不成的工作）、a Pandora's box（潘多拉之盒枣灾难、麻烦、祸害的根源）等。
三、中学英语词汇教学存在的主要问题。
中国人学英语大多数从初一开始，近年来才开始在部分小学或幼儿园开设英语课。从6年的中学英语学习过程中，笔者发现教师授课都存在一个普遍特征，那就是先教单词、短语，再讲授课文和做练习。对于单词的讲授无不遵循三个原则：音、形、义，其中“义”也仅仅停留在单词本身的字面意义上。而对于课文的讲授则过分强调语言规则，即一个个的单词是如何按照一定的语法规则组合成句子以及某些单词和短语在这个句子中充当什么成分。另外，对学生所掌握词汇的考核也仅仅停留在要求学生会读、会写以及会运用单词简单造句，对于文化知识或是自身缺少了解，知识面不够广博，或是以为文化知识对学习语言，对提高考试成绩无多大关系，因此往往一带而过，甚至干脆置之一旁。这种做法的弊端是显而易见的。绝大部分学生完成六年的英语学习，脑袋中也装满了单词和短语，可惜无法说出一个完整的句子，学到的仍然是“哑巴英语”。就是在中学英语新教材已经全面使用的今天，由于以上种种原因，虽然平时注意听、说训练，学生能够运用所学的词汇进行简单交流，但由于对语言差异问题缺乏了解，以至于词汇使用不当，出现诸如把“力大如牛”译成“as strong as cow”，把“凡人皆有得意时”译成“Every person has a happy day.”，把“挥金如土”译成“to spend money like earth”，产生交际方面的一系列错误。它们的正确形式为 as strong as a horse； Every dog has its day；to spend money like water。而以下的英语学生能理解其含义吗？如：as blind as a bat(有眼无珠)， to rest on one’s oars（暂时歇一歇），to keep one’s head above water（奋力图存），all at sea（不知所措）等等。
四、中、英文化比较及英语词汇教学
1、字面意义和涵义
字面意义就是基本的或明显的意义。
词的涵义是词的隐含或附加意义。
从这个定义的解释看，对于学外语的学生来说，不仅要掌握词的字面意义，而且要知道词的涵义。不了解词汇涵义，会在语言上犯严重错误，有时误把好言当恶语，引起谈话者的一方或双方不快；有时误把嘲讽当称赞，被人暗笑。
如“peasant”一词，是“农民”之义，但外国人眼里不是“农民”之意。英语中的peasant与汉语中的“农民”所体现的意义并不完全相同，可能有不同的涵义，英语中的peasant是贬义。《美国传统词典》给peasant下定义：“乡下人、庄稼人、乡巴佬”，“教养不好的人、粗鲁的人”。《新编纬氏大学词典》：“一般指未受过教育的、社会地们低下的人”。在汉语中，“农民”指直接从事农业生产劳动的人，无论在革命斗争中或是在社会主义建设中都是一支重要的力量，丝毫无贬义。农民应译成farmer。
再如，politician 和statesman这两个英语词。Politician是“政治家”吗？反过来说，汉语中的“政治家”这个词应该怎样译成英语呢？有些略懂英语的学生译作politician，这是不合适的。Politician这个词在美国英语中，往往有很强烈的贬义色彩，引起别人的蔑视。它只为谋取个人私利而搞政治、耍手腕的人。这个词还有“精明圆滑的人”（smooth--operator）之义。指一个人做事和说话时，信心十足，非常老练。汉语“政治家”这个词应译为statesman，在英国英语和美国英语当中都很贴切，statesman主要表示善于管理国家的明知之士；人们通常把有威望的高级政府官员称为statesman。
事实上，中英两种语言在字面意和涵义上有以下的关系：
1）、字面意义与涵义相同或相似
(1) Look before you leap.三思而后行
(2) Burn one's boat.破釜沉舟
(3) Strike while the iron is hot.趁热打铁
(4) An eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth.以眼还眼，以牙还牙。
(5) to lose one's face, to save one's face丢面子，保面子
2）、涵义相似，字面意义不同
(1) The grass is always greener on the other side of the fence.这山望着那山高。
(2) Nothing ventured, nothing gained.不入虎穴，焉得虎子
(3) That's a piece of cake.那是小菜一碟。
(4) As poor as a church mouse.一贫如洗
(5) Let sleeping dogs lie.切勿打草惊蛇
3）、涵义不同，字面意义相似
(1) to fish in muddy water(英语：形容多管闲事，自讨没趣)浑水摸鱼
(2) to make one's hair stand on end(英语：令人毛骨悚然)令人发指
(3) to blow one's own horn(英语：自我炫耀，自吹自擂)各吹各的号
(4) to lock the stable gate after the horse has bolted(英语意思是“太迟了”)亡羊补牢
4）、涵义与字面意义都不同
(1) Modest dogs miss much meat.(英语：谦虚的狗没肉吃。)满招损，歉受益
(2) Where there is fear there is modesty.(原为拉丁语格言：谦虚源于胆怯。)老王买瓜，自卖自夸(反讽)
(3) An excess of modesty obstructs the tongue.(英语：谦虚过分束缚舌头。)自知之明(赞誉)
2、日常谈话中的文化判别
见面打招呼
中国人在吃饭前后打招呼的常用语“吃（饭）了吗？”而美国人则用“Hello”或“Hi”等。如果不理解其涵义，美国人会认为，这种打招呼是说：“没有吃的话，我正要请你到我家去呢。”总之，这样打招呼在西方有时意味着邀请对方去吃饭。
再如，汉语中的“上哪去啊？”以及“到哪儿去啊？”这样打招呼的话直译成英语就是Where are you going和Where have you been用这两句英语来打招呼，大部分讲英语的人听了会不高兴，它们反应很可能是：It’s none of your business!（你管得着吗？）
英语国家人打招呼通常以天气、健康状况、交通、体育以及兴趣爱好为话题。
3、称呼语中的政治地位差异
无论在英国或是在中国，人们的政治地位及身份是有所差别的。不同地位、身份的人在日常的工作、生活中不可避免地会碰到一起，这就产生了不同地位、身份的人们之间的交际问题。中英称号不同：
王院长Principal Wang,刘军长Army Commander Liu,马经理 Manager Ma
这一点教材中都有时不注意，如：人教社JEFC教材Book 3 Lesson 14 The man upstairs中，出现过“I’m sorry to trouble you， comrade．”的道歉语。“comrade”是社会主义国家所特有的称呼，在英语国家称呼不知其名的陌生人常用Sir和Madam。如果我们和英语国家的人以comrade相称，他们将会感到莫明其妙。
在JEFC Book 3 Lesson 34 Uncle Wang’s Factory中，学生们称呼一位工人为“Uncle Wang”， 这也是中文思维套用英语的现象。汉语中的亲属称谓有泛化使用的倾向，常用于非亲属之间：年轻人对长辈称“叔叔”、“阿姨”；对平辈称“大哥”、“大姐”。但在英语中，亲属称谓不广泛地用于社交。如果我们对母语是英语的长辈称“Uncle Smith”、“Auntie Brown”，对方听了会觉得不太顺耳。英语文化中只有关系十分密切的情况下才使用此类亲属称谓且后面不带姓，只带名，如“Uncle Tom”。
人教社JEFC Book 1中“What’s your name？”出现的频率相当高，但对于它在何种情况下使用却鲜有解释。实际上，英语国家的人在谈话时一般先介绍自己的名字，如“I am…”对方自然会即刻说出自己的姓名。即使在填写表格、面谈等场合需要问及姓名时，一般也只说“ Your name， please？”或“May I know your name？”或“How can I call you”等，如果使用“What’s your name？”，他们将有一种被审问的感觉。
又如学生知道teacher的含义是“老师”，也就相应地把“王老师”称为Teacher Wang。 其实，英语中teacher只是一种职业；汉语有尊师的传统，“教师”已不仅仅是一种职业，而成为一种对人的尊称。由于这种文化上的差异，造成学生的简单理解：王老师=Teacher Wang。此外还把汉语中习惯上称呼的“唐秘书”、“张护士”称为Secretary Tang， Nurse Zhang，英语国家的人听起来感觉不可思议。英语中称呼人一般用Mr．， Miss， Mrs．等。
4、其它社交礼节上的不同
以please“请”为例。但是在某些场所却不宜用英语please。让别人先进门或先上车时，不说please，一般说：After you。但是初学英语的人常用You go first，这是不对的。在餐桌上请人吃饭、喝酒、或者请人抽烟时，一般用Help yourself(to sth.)，也不用please.。
一般来说，我们中国人在家庭成员之间很少用“谢谢”。如果用了，听起来会很怪，或相互关系上有了距离。而在英语国家“Thank you．”几乎用于一切场合，所有人之间，即使父母与子女，兄弟姐妹之间也不例外。送上一瓶饮料，准备一桌美餐，对方都会说一声“Thank you．”公共场合，不管别人帮你什么忙，你都要道一声“Thank you．”。这是最起码的礼节。
当别人问是否要吃点或喝点什么时（Would you like something to eat／drink？），我们通常习惯于客气一番，回答：“不用了”、“别麻烦了”等。按照英语国家的习惯，你若想要， 就不必推辞，说声“Yes， please．”若不想要，只要说“No， thanks．”就行了。这也充分体现了中国人含蓄和英语国家人坦荡直率的不同风格。
在英语国家，赞美也常用来作为交谈的引子。赞美的内容主要有个人的外貌、外表、新买的东西、个人财物、个人在某方面的出色的工作等。通常称赞别人的外表时只称赞她努力（打扮）的结果，而不是她的天生丽质。因此赞美别人发型的很多，赞美别人漂亮头发的很少。对别人的赞美，最普通的回答是：“Thank you．”如：
A：Your skirt looks nice．
B：Thank you．
中国人初次见面问及年龄、婚姻、收入表示关心，而英语国家人却对此比较反感，认为这些都涉及个人隐私。如在JEFC Book 1 Lesson 16中有这样的对话：“How old are you， Mrs Read？”“Ah， it’s a secret！”为什么Mrs Read不肯说出自己的年龄呢？因为英语国家人都希望自己在对方眼中显得精力充沛，青春永驻，对自己实际年龄秘而不宣，妇女更是如此。再如中国人表示关心的“你去哪儿？”（Where are you going？）和“你在干什么？”（What are you doing？）在英语中就成为刺探别人隐私的审问或监视别人的话语而不受欢迎。
中国和英语国家的文化差异还显著地表现在节日方面。除中国和英语国家共同的节日（如New Year’s Day）外，双方还各有自己独特的节日，中国有the Spring Festival